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Dyslexia is a learning difficulty which mainly affects reading and writing skills. It also affects information processing which means that dyslexic people may have difficulty processing and remembering information they see and hear. This can affect learning and the acquisition of literacy skills. Dyslexia can also impact on other areas such as organisational skills.
It is important to remember that there are real benefits to thinking differently. Many dyslexic people show strengths in areas such as reasoning and in visual and creative fields. Indeed many successful dyslexic people are household names!
Nature:
The nature and developmental trajectory of dyslexia depends on multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Manifestation:
Dyslexia is a set of processing difficulties that affect the acquisition of reading and spelling. The most commonly observed cognitive impairment in dyslexia is a difficulty in phonological processing (i.e. in phonological awareness, phonological processing speed or phonological memory). However, phonological difficulties do not fully explain the variability that is observed. Working memory, processing speed and orthographic skills can contribute to the impact of dyslexia.
Impact:
In dyslexia, some or all aspects of literacy attainment are weak in relation to age, standard teaching and instruction, and level of other attainments. Across languages and age groups, difficulties in reading fluency and spelling are a key marker of dyslexia.
Variance and co-occurrence:
Dyslexic difficulties exist on a continuum and can be experienced to various degrees of severity. Dyslexia can affect the acquisition of other skills, such as mathematics, reading comprehension or learning another language. Dyslexia frequently co-occurs with one or more other developmental difficulties, including developmental language disorder, dyscalculia, ADHD and developmental coordination disorder.
The British Dyslexia Association (BDA) website outlines the main symptoms of dyslexia, broken down into different age-groups: Early Years, Primary, Secondary, Adult.
For further details, please visit: https://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/dyslexia/about-dyslexia/signs-of-dyslexia